Internal Medicine — Old Senior Academic Day Lectures (Until Sep 2023)
Common causes of altered state of consciousness
Teaching
Competencies covered in this activity
| 1. Practise medicine within their defined scope of practice and expertise | ||||||
| 1.4. Apply knowledge of the following systems, clinical scenarios, conditions, diseases and therapies applicable to Internal Medicine, including the manifestations, investigation, and management | ||||||
| 1.4.7. Neurological | ||||||
| 1.4.7.1. Symptoms | ||||||
| 1.4.7.1.1. Acute and chronic headache | ||||||
| 1.4.7.1.2. Altered mental status and disorders of consciousness | ||||||
| 1.4.7.1.3. Dizziness and vertigo | ||||||
| 1.4.7.1.4. Syncope | ||||||
| 1.4.7.1.5. Tremors | ||||||
| 1.4.7.1.6. Weakness: local and generalized | ||||||
| 1.4.7.2. Findings and investigations | ||||||
| 1.4.7.2.1. Abnormal cranial nerve function | ||||||
| 1.4.7.2.2. Determination of brain death | ||||||
| 1.4.7.2.3. Increased intracranial pressure | ||||||
| 1.4.7.3. Disorders | ||||||
| 1.4.7.3.1. Acute spinal cord compression | ||||||
| 1.4.7.3.2. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | ||||||
| 1.4.7.3.3. Cerebral vascular disease: stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) | ||||||
| 1.4.7.3.4. Dementia and delirium | ||||||
| 1.4.7.3.5. Guillain-Barré syndrome | ||||||
| 1.4.7.3.6. Meningitis and encephalitis | ||||||
| 1.4.7.3.7. Movement disorders including Parkinson’s syndrome | ||||||
| 1.4.7.3.8. Multiple sclerosis | ||||||
| 1.4.7.3.9. Myasthenia gravis | ||||||
| 1.4.7.3.10. Peripheral neuropathy | ||||||
| 1.4.7.3.11. Seizure disorders and status epilepticus | ||||||
| 1.4.7.3.12. Brain neoplasms | ||||||
| 1.4.13. Medical aspects of specific situations | ||||||
| 1.4.13.1. Common medical emergencies | ||||||
| 1.4.13.1.1. Life-threatening cardiac, respiratory, gastrointestinal, metabolic, neurologic and other organ system dysfunction and abnormalities | ||||||
| 1.4.13.1.2. Hyperthermia / hypothermia | ||||||
| 1.4.13.1.3. Shock, including knowledge and identification of the different etiologies | ||||||
| 1.4.13.1.4. Cardio-respiratory arrest | ||||||
| 1.4.13.1.5. Poisoning | ||||||
| 1.4.13.1.6. Severe drug reactions including but not limited to anaphylaxis and toxic epidermal necrolysis | ||||||
| 1.4.13.1.7. Complications of chemotherapy | ||||||
| 1.4.13.1.7.1. Febrile neutropenia | ||||||
| 1.4.13.1.7.2. Tumour lysis syndrome | ||||||
| 1.4.13.2. Peri-operative assessment and management | ||||||
| 1.4.13.2.1. Hypertension as well as heart, lung, metabolic, and kidney diseases | ||||||
| 1.4.13.2.2. Anticoagulants and anti-platelet agents | ||||||
| 1.4.13.2.3. Prophylaxis for infection | ||||||
| 1.4.13.2.4. Prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism | ||||||
| 1.4.13.3. Occupational considerations | ||||||
| 1.4.13.3.1. Assessment of fitness to work | ||||||
| 1.4.13.4. Medical aspects of mental illness and addiction | ||||||
| 1.4.13.4.1. Depression presenting as physical illness | ||||||
| 1.4.13.4.2. Effects of depression on the course of medical disease | ||||||
| 1.4.13.4.3. Effects and side effects of psychiatric medications | ||||||
| 1.4.13.4.4. Substance use, abuse and withdrawal | ||||||
| 1.4.13.5. Pregnancy | ||||||
| 1.4.13.5.1. Pregnancy induced change in blood volume, hemodynamics, and cardio-respiratory and renal physiology | ||||||
| 1.4.13.5.2. Findings and investigations | ||||||
| 1.4.13.5.2.1. Abnormal liver tests | ||||||
| 1.4.13.5.2.2. Proteinuria | ||||||
| 1.4.13.5.3. Pre-existing medical conditions | ||||||
| 1.4.13.5.3.1. Hypertension | ||||||
| 1.4.13.5.3.2. Valvular heart disease | ||||||
| 1.4.13.5.3.3. Asthma | ||||||
| 1.4.13.5.3.4. Disorders of glucose homeostasis including diabetes mellitus | ||||||
| 1.4.13.5.3.5. Seizure disorders | ||||||
| 1.4.13.5.3.6. Venous thromboembolic disease | ||||||
| 1.4.13.5.3.7. Infectious diseases including HIV and hepatitis | ||||||
| 1.4.13.5.4. Disorders with onset during pregnancy | ||||||
| 1.4.13.5.4.1. Hypertensive disorders | ||||||
| 1.4.13.5.4.2. Cardiomyopathy | ||||||
| 1.4.13.5.4.3. Liver diseases | ||||||
| 1.4.13.5.4.4. Seizures | ||||||
| 1.4.13.5.4.5. Thrombocytopenia | ||||||
| 1.4.13.5.5. Therapies | ||||||
| 1.4.13.5.5.1. Endocarditis prophylaxis | ||||||
| 1.4.13.5.5.2. Drug prescribing in pregnancy and post-partum period | ||||||
| 1.4.13.6. The elderly | ||||||
| 1.4.13.6.1. Symptoms | ||||||
| 1.4.13.6.1.1. Constipation | ||||||
| 1.4.13.6.1.2. Depression | ||||||
| 1.4.13.6.1.3. Delirium | ||||||
| 1.4.13.6.1.4. Falls and immobility | ||||||
| 1.4.13.6.1.5. Frailty and failure to thrive | ||||||
| 1.4.13.6.1.6. Gait instability | ||||||
| 1.4.13.6.1.7. Urinary and fecal incontinence | ||||||
| 1.4.13.6.2. Disorders | ||||||
| 1.4.13.6.2.1. Dementia including Alzheimer’s disease, Lewy-body, vascular, and frontal lobe dementias | ||||||
| 1.4.13.6.2.2. Nutritional deficiencies | ||||||
| 1.4.13.6.2.3. Neglect/abuse | ||||||
| 1.4.13.6.3. Therapies | ||||||
| 1.4.13.6.3.1. Rational drug prescribing | ||||||
| 1.4.13.7. End of life | ||||||
| 1.4.13.7.1. Symptoms | ||||||
| 1.4.13.7.1.1. Constipation | ||||||
| 1.4.13.7.1.2. Delirium | ||||||
| 1.4.13.7.1.3. Dyspnea | ||||||
| 1.4.13.7.1.4. Nausea and vomiting | ||||||
| 1.4.13.7.1.5. Pain | ||||||
| 1.4.13.7.2. Disorders | ||||||
| 1.4.13.7.2.1. Nutritional deficiencies | ||||||
| 1.4.13.7.3. Therapies | ||||||
| 1.4.13.7.3.1. Use of opioids and other medications | ||||||
| 1.4.13.7.3.2. Principles of palliative care and medical aid in dying (MAID) | ||||||